Laboratory of Combustion Engines Theory

Laboratory of Combustion Engines Theory

rok wydania: 2018
ilość stron: 94
ISBN: 978-83-7814-804-3
format: B5
oprawa: miękka

Opis

The present work will be devoted to the study of how the technical problems related to the design of combustion engines could be solved based on the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Practical examples of how to use thermodynamics for describing physical phenomena and mathematical simulations of heat exchange processes in the combustion engines will be presented. All the well-known solutions used in the vehicles engineering and related to the fundamental theory of combustion engines are presented in the current work. These solutions are piston compressors (used as an auxiliary equipment or external compressors in turbocharger assistance system), automobile air conditioning systems and internal combustion engines.

Special attention will be paid to the theory, fundamental processes analysis (based on empirical tests results) and in the case of internal combustion engines – to the influence of harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas on the environment.

Spis treści

Preface / 5

1. PISTON COMPRESSOR / 7
1.1. Introduction / 7
1.2. Compressors types / 7
1.3. Design solutions / 8
1.4. Operating principle of piston type compressor / 9
1.5. Theoretical backgrounds / 10
1.5.1. The theoretical compressor without harmful volume / 10
1.5.2. The theoretical compressor with harmful volume / 11
1.5.3. Comparison of the theoretical compressor without harmful volume and the theoretical compressor with harmful volume / 13
1.5.4. Boundary compression ratio / 13
1.6. Comparison of the compressors working cycles / 14
1.7. Handling compressor indicator diagram / 15
1.8. Calculation of the theoretical compressor without harmful volume / 19
1.9. Calculation of the theoretical compressor with harmful volume / 20
1.10. Values for the comparison / 21
1.1.1. The purpose of the laboratory work / 21
1.1.2. An experimental unit / 22
1.1.3. Necessary data for the preparing thelaboratory work report / 23
1.1.4. Summarizing calculations results / 24
1.1.5. Report of the laboratory work / 24

2. CAR AIR CONDITIONER SYSTEM / 25
2.1. Introduction / 25
2.2. The theory – car conditioning principle / 25
2.3. Theory of refrigerants / 27
2.4. Air conditioning system of the car / 29
2.5. A/C System major components / 30
2.6. The laboratory test setup / 37
2.7. Laboratory exercise / 39

3. INDICATOR DIAGRAM / 43
3.1. Introduction / 43
3.2. Calculations of engine operating parameters based on the indicator diagram / 45
3.3. The efficiency and energy balance of the combustion engine / 48
3.4. Theoretical cycles of four-stroke combustion engines / 51
3.5. Matching the theoretical cycle to the actual closed indicator diagram of the engine / 57
3.6. The aim of the laboratory exercise / 59
3.7. Tasks / 59
3.8. Laboratory report / 60

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE / 61
4.1. Speed characteristics of the internal combustion engine / 61
4.1.1. The definition of spark ignition engine speed characteristic / 61
4.1.2. Engine test bench and examination procedure / 64
4.1.3. The main equations used for engine operation parameters calculations / 66
4.1.4. Laboratory report content / 68
4.2. Load characteristic of the internal combustion engine / 69
4.2.1. Parameters of the load characteristic / 69
4.2.2. Main formulas used in the measurement results processing / 73
4.2.3. Aconsequence of the exercise implementation / 73
4.2.4. The content of the report / 75

5. MEASUREMENTS OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES / 76
5.1. Harmful substances formation in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines / 76
5.2. Effect of exhaust gases harmful substances emission on the environment / 79
5.3. Hazards caused by toxic compounds emitted by combustion engines – selected toxic components in exhaust gases / 80
5.4. Methods used for measurement of the concentration of toxic constituents in the exhaust gas / 85
5.5. Methods used for measurement of solid particles / 87
5.6. Study on specific emission of exhaust gas toxic components / 89
5.6.1. Emission norms for toxic substances obligated for non-road vehicles / 89
5.6.2. Processing of the measurement results / 92

REFERENCES / 93